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Lining elements up along a shared edge or centre line so a layout looks tidy and intentional rather than scattered.

An arrangement where the two sides differ yet still feel balanced, giving a more dynamic, modern, energetic look than mirrored symmetry.

The sense that a layout's visual weight is spread evenly so no side feels heavier or emptier than it should.

A set of evenly spaced horizontal lines that text sits on, so lines of type line up across columns and pages.

Artwork extended slightly past the trim edge of a printed page so that, after cutting, colour or images run right to the edge with no white slivers.

A vertical section of a layout that content is poured into, like the tall blocks of text in a newspaper.

The way our eyes separate a subject (the figure) from its background (the ground), and how a designer makes clear which is which.

The single spot in a layout designed to grab attention first, acting as the anchor everything else supports.

A set of rules about how people naturally group and read visual elements, such as seeing things that are close together or look alike as belonging together.

A proportion of roughly 1 to 1.618 that many designers use to size and space elements because it tends to look naturally pleasing.

An invisible framework of evenly spaced columns and rows that you line elements up against so a layout feels orderly and consistent.

The empty space between two columns (or between two facing pages) that keeps content from crowding together.

A paragraph style where the first line starts at the left edge and every following line is indented, the reverse of a normal indent.

The empty border around the edges of a page or screen that frames the content and stops it touching the sides.

A grid split by both columns and rows into a field of small rectangles (modules), giving you cells to arrange text and images into flexible blocks.

Placing related items close together and unrelated items further apart so viewers instantly understand what belongs with what.

A composition guide that divides a frame into a three-by-three grid and places key elements along those lines or at their intersections for a balanced, dynamic result.

The inner zone of a page or screen, set in from the edges, where you keep important text and elements so nothing vital gets trimmed or cropped.

An arrangement where the two halves of a layout mirror each other, giving a formal, stable, orderly feeling.

Consistent, repeating vertical spacing between lines and blocks of text so a page feels evenly paced from top to bottom.

The deliberate ordering of a layout so the eye notices the most important thing first, then the next, and so on.

How much an element pulls the eye based on its size, colour, darkness, or position, treated as if some things weigh more than others.

The empty areas of a layout left deliberately blank so the eye can rest and important things stand out. It doesn't have to be white.