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The name a screen reader announces for a button, link, or field, worked out from its visible text, an added label, or an alt description. Every control needs one so users know what it does.

An extra narration track for video that describes key visual details, such as actions, scene changes, and on-screen text, during pauses in the dialogue, so blind and low-vision viewers can follow what's happening.

On-screen text of a video's speech and important sounds that viewers can turn on or off. They let deaf and hard-of-hearing people follow along, and help anyone watching with the sound off.

The difference in lightness between text or an icon and the color behind it. Enough contrast makes words easy to read; too little makes them hard to see, especially for people with low vision.

The sequence in which items become selected as someone presses Tab through a page. A logical focus order follows the visual layout; a jumbled one makes keyboard users jump around confusingly.

Being able to use every part of a website or app with just the keyboard, using Tab to move between items and Enter or Space to activate them, without needing a mouse. Essential for people who can't use a pointer.

A labelled section of a page, like the header, main content, navigation, or footer, marked up so screen-reader users can jump straight to it instead of hearing everything in order.

A part of a page marked so that when its content updates, like an error message, chat message, or 'saved' confirmation, a screen reader announces the change automatically without the user having to go looking for it.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, the internationally recognised checklist of rules for making websites and apps usable by people with disabilities. Levels A, AA, and AAA mark how strict the compliance is.